There are two main types of E Visas available through USCIS. The first is the E Visa. It is a non-immigrant visa that allows a foreign citizen the ability to live in the US and often the ability to work when employment authorized. EB Visas are immigrant Visas that allow a foreign citizen the ability to apply for permanent residency and is a path towards citizenship.
Standard E Visas:
E1 - Treaty traders
E2 - Treaty investors
E3 - Australian specialty occupation workers
EB Visas:
EB1 - Extraordinary ability
EB2 - Advanced degrees
EB3 - Skilled workers
EB4 - Religious workers
EB5 - Immigrant investors